Sexual Health

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Many STIs can be effectively treated, but if left untreated some may lead to serious health complications, including pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and damage to reproductive organs. Certain infections can also affect other parts of the body and overall health.

STIs are very common and can affect anyone who is sexually active. A person may carry an infection without knowing it, as many STIs do not cause obvious symptoms. This means infections can be passed on unknowingly, even after a single sexual encounter with an infected partner.

Using condoms correctly and consistently is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of STIs. However, some infections, such as herpes and genital warts, may spread through skin-to-skin contact and may not be completely prevented by condom use. Condoms should be used before any genital contact occurs. Avoid using oil-based lubricants with condoms, as they can weaken the material and reduce protection. Alcohol and drug use can also affect decision-making and increase the risk of unsafe sexual activity.

Many STIs cause no symptoms, but possible signs may include:

• Unusual vaginal or genital discharge 
• Pain or burning when passing urine 
• Sores, blisters, or lumps in the genital area 
• Itching or irritation 
• Pain during sex 

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice promptly.

If you are concerned about an STI, your GP can provide confidential advice, testing, and treatment. At your appointment, your symptoms and sexual health history will be discussed, and appropriate tests may be arranged. Treatment and follow-up care can also be provided if needed.

Common infections tested for may include:

• Chlamydia 
• Gonorrhoea 
• Herpes 
• Trichomonas 
• HIV 
• Hepatitis B and C 
• Syphilis 

Regular STI screening is recommended for anyone who is sexually active, particularly when starting a new relationship or if you have concerns about exposure.